Who Invented Digital Reality Technology

The Oculus Rift in use throughout E3 in Los Angeles, Calif. in June 2013.

© GUS RUELAS/Reuters/Corbis

Virtual actuality (VR) has not solely been the stuff of science fiction novels and motion pictures for many years, but it's also been an precise thing -- kind of. The primary VR headsets had been produced in the 1960s. On the time, the expertise took up lots of room and cost massive amounts of cash. In the late 1980s to nineteen nineties, VR grew to become accessible to common public in arcades and different amusement venues by way of heavy headsets and controllers used to play quite easy video games -- equivalent to swinging a pretend sword at digital foes, with as a lot accuracy as the period's computing methods might muster. The head tracking was gradual, the field of imaginative and prescient was slender and the graphics were low-decision by trendy standards. The experience typically induced complications and movement sickness, and it wasn't all that immersive. Nonetheless, it was a step forward in gaming and was certain to get better, nevertheless it did not catch on at the time and the trade fizzled. The required technology just wasn't out but to make it compelling to the plenty.

High-finish VR headsets with better resolution and response time have been developed since then, but they've remained prohibitively expensive for the home user and still are inclined to inhabit places like government and company research and training amenities. The navy, automotive business, space program and medical fields, to name a couple of, all use VR in one way or one other, out of the view of the final populace. It's the first of several headsets poised to deliver life like VR into the realm of possibility for the average user.

You would anticipate such a marvel to come back from a known electronics manufacturer, however Oculus Rift had a humbler beginning. Palmer Luckey, a teenage gaming and electronics enthusiast with a passion for VR, started gathering old headsets and tinkering to try to create something that would work with modern games. Ultimately he realized there was nothing viable in existence, and he'd should make his own gadget from scratch.

Combating Simulator Sickness

Opinions, Availability and Possibilities

Opening the Rift

Luckey started working on what would change into the Oculus Rift while he was in faculty studying journalism. He created the prototype in 2012, when he was solely 19 years outdated. He had an concept to do a Kickstarter marketing campaign to fund the creation of VR headset kits for possibly just a few dozen devoted VR hobbyists, and he was speaking with tons of people online about it, together with John Carmack, the sport developer famous for creating "Doom" and "Quake" and founder of Id Software. Carmack was working on a VR project and requested a prototype. He used the Rift prototype along with his own firmware to show his VR recreation "Doom 3 BFG" at E3 2012, and that started the hype for the Oculus Rift.

Luckey founded the corporate Oculus VR and enlisted the assistance of several business insiders, including Brendan Iribe and Michael Antonov, cofounders of gaming UI provider Scaleform. The Kickstarter marketing campaign commenced with a funding purpose of $250,000, a purpose it hit within the first day. By the top, it reached nearly 10 occasions that amount in pledges -- $2,437,429 total [sources: Kickstarter, Eurogamer]. It has partnered with Valve, Epic Games and Unity, amongst others, to convey high-high quality and low-price VR gaming to fruition.

As of early 2014, the Oculus Rift is at the moment out in a developer's kit model with the purpose of encouraging the creation of content material for the device earlier than an improved client version goes to market. The buyer model continues to be in the works, and Fb introduced it was buying Oculus VR for $2 billion in March 2014.

The system is a lightweight virtual reality headset that blocks your view of your surroundings and absolutely immerses you in a virtual world. The Rift enables you to step right into a recreation, look around in any route and see the sport surroundings throughout you somewhat than on a flat display screen surrounded by your residing room decor. And you see it in 3D. Not fairly the holodeck or the matrix, however an excellent step in that route.

The Heads of Oculus VROculus VR quickly went from a one-man operation to a multi-million dollar company poised to nook the patron VR market. As of this writing, it's helmed by the next executives: Palmer Luckey (Founder), Brendan Iribe (Chief Govt Officer), Michael Antonov (Chief Software program Architect), John Carmack (Chief Know-how Officer), Laird M. Malamed (Chief Operating Officer), Jack McCauley (Vice President Engineering), Nate Mitchell (Vice President Product) and Marshall Cline (Vice President Platform). Co-founder Andrew Scott Reisse was tragically killed in 2013 when struck by a dashing car involved in a police chase.

© Zhang fan/Xinhua Press/Corbis

The Oculus Rift Growth Package model 1.1 consists of the Oculus Rift head set, which vaguely resembles a pair of black ski goggles with a rectangular box protecting the front end. The package also comes with a management box that is permanently attached to the headset through a 6-foot (1.8-meter) cable, a removable over-the-head strap for added comfort and stability, three pairs of vision lenses of various focal lengths, an HDMI cable, a USB cable, a DVI cable, an HDMI to DVI adapter and a 5-Volt switching US-standard energy supply together with international energy adapters. All of this comes housed in a hard case. The Oculus Rift dev kit goggles weigh lower than a pound -- a mere 369 grams -- and the long run client model could also be even lighter.

The management box is used to hook the headset up to your pc and carry out fundamental management capabilities. It includes HDMI, DVI, mini-USB and DC energy connection ports, as well as five buttons for controlling distinction, brightness and power. A blue LED on top shows you whether the gadget is on or off.

The Rift incorporates a flat 7-inch (17.8-centimeter) 60Hz LCD show screen with a decision of 1280 by 800 pixels (around 720p excessive-def resolution). The screen is divided into 640 by 800 pixels per eye, with a 2.5-inch (64-millimeter) fixed distance between lens centers. The person views the display screen via two lens cups. There are plans to make the consumer model's resolution not less than 1080p, and the corporate has already demonstrated two 1080p prototypes (the HD and Crystal Cove models). The show inputs embody DVI-D Single Hyperlink, HDMI 1.3+ and USB 2.0 Full Speed+, all fed to it by the single control box cord.

The gadget has a custom-constructed motion and orientation sensor unit with a sampling price of as much as 1000 Hz. The sensor unit features a gyroscope, an accelerometer and a magnetometer, together with an ARM Cortex-M3 microcontroller. The information from all three sensors is combined via a process known as sensor fusion to allow quick and correct monitoring of your head orientation and synchronization with what you might be viewing. This enables you to turn your head in any path and look across the virtual environment in actual-time, nevertheless it would not allow for positional monitoring.

A brand new prototype, dubbed Crystal Cove, debuted at CES 2014. It has a better decision 1080p AMOLED (active matrix natural gentle emitting diode) screen, lower latency, the next refresh rate and much lower image persistence, which means that the pictures you see on the display screen change as shortly as you move reasonably than persisting on the display long sufficient to cause lots of movement blurring. Crystal Cove also can observe place, reasonably than simply orientation, with the assistance of IR LEDs (which seem like little square white dots) all around the headset which are monitored by an external digicam, providing you with 6 degrees of freedom fairly than simply 3. You can lean toward things to get a more in-depth look, or lean to look round corners, whereas with the developer equipment you can flip your head in various directions to vary the digital camera view, but you may have to use a separate controller to handle all movement toward, away from or round things. This prototype is reportedly nearer to Oculus VR's vision for the patron version. To use the gadget together with your computer, it must have both an HDMI port or a DVI video-out port. VGA is just not supported.6 or larger

Linux (Ubuntu 12.04 LTS)

2.0+ GHz processor

2 GB RAM

Direct3D 10 or OpenGL 3 suitable video card

Efficiency needs to be higher on a pc that may handle heavy-responsibility gaming. Per the SDK documentation, the Oculus workforce has found that a MacBook Pro Retina with an Nvidia 650M graphics card will work as a portable VR workstation.

The SDK also consists of assist for some recreation controllers, together with the Xbox 360 wired controller for Windows, the Logitech F710 Wireless Gamepad for Windows and Mac and the Sony PlayStation DUALSHOCK3 Controller for Mac.

To use the headset, you connect your pc to the control field via the USB port and one (however not each) of the video enter ports (both HDMI or DVI). Then plug the facility cord into the field and an electrical outlet. When all three mandatory cables are linked, the display will activate. Your laptop will basically see the Rift as one other display, and you can alter the show's settings via your laptop's show management panels.

It at the moment solely works with private computer systems, however help for cell gadgets is in the works, and gaming methods could also be next.

The Oculus SDK is publicly obtainable and open supply, meaning that anybody can get hold of, use and even modify and distribute the code. There are just a few caveats spelled out in their license settlement, including that any modifications must be shared with Oculus VR, that the software program will not be used to interface with other industrial VR headsets that are not accepted by Oculus VR, and that the code should be distributed in whole, not part. They may revoke your rights to use the SDK for those who create an utility that causes health or safety issues.

The SDK includes C++ supply code, libraries, headers, firmware, samples, tutorials and documentation, along with the Unreal Development Kit, Unreal Engine four and Unity sport improvement software program.

OculusWorldDemo, which allows you to wander via a extra complex Tuscany setting.

SensorBoxTest, which is a 3D rendered box that reveals sensor fusion by monitoring and displaying the Rift's rotation.

Developers can entry the Oculus VR Developer Middle to retrieve the newest versions of the SDK parts and for on-line assist. These sources ought to help tremendously in developing or porting more games and different content to the Oculus Rift.

The corporate has also released an Oculus Latency Tester whose hardware and software are each open source. Its firmware is underneath the Apache 2.0 License and its schematic, board format and enclosure are licensed below Inventive Commons Attribution 4.0. You should purchase the Latency Tester from the Oculus VR site, and you should utilize, alter or distribute any portion of the tester and its code. Or if you are a tinkerer, you'll be able to construct your individual utilizing the freely accessible files.

Physical modification of the Oculus Rift unit itself is not beneficial, however, since the company could not be able to support the modified gadget. But its supply code is fair sport. Google Glass is a tiny smartphone within the form of eyeglasses with a transparent rectangular see-by means of display over one eye. You may see your real surroundings at all times, but you can even call up info via voice commands, and it will appear on the display screen, superimposed over what's actually in entrance of you. It is more within the realm of augmented actuality than virtual reality.

The Oculus Rift, alternatively, is true virtual reality. You might be fully blocking your view of the real world and seeing a new digital, virtual world in its place. The Rift uses stereoscopic 3-D rendering, a high-decision display, a area of view 110 degrees vast and ultra-low latency head tracking to immerse you in a digital world that ought to show to be extra believable than any VR most of us have witnessed earlier than. The110-degree subject of view extends into your peripheral imaginative and prescient space and, along with the lenses, is intended to assist immerse you right into a game. The low latency implies that what you see tracks together with your head movements in actual-time fairly than being on a delay where the image has to catch up to your eyes.

Once you've got acquired the developer's Rift and downloaded the SDK and any firmware updates from the Oculus VR site, you want to calibrate the system. This contains measuring and setting your top and your IPD (interpupillary distance, or the distance between your pupils) and operating the magnetometer calibration, which involves rotating the headset as instructed. Once your gadget is calibrated, you should utilize it to test or play no matter video games you discover or create.

""

Followers of "Minecraft" will be joyful to know that a VR-adaptation of the sport, titled "Minecrift," is available for obtain on the Oculus Rift site.

© Marvin Joseph/The Washington Submit via Getty Pictures

Though on the time of this writing the buyer version of Oculus Rift is not out yet, there are already some video games from main builders that have been created or ported to work with the machine. These include:

"Doom 3 BFG Edition" by id Software program - the primary Oculus-prepared game.

"Eve: Valkyrie" by CCP Games - an exclusive launch title for Oculus Rift.

"Crew Fortress 2" by Valve - a port that may be performed in VR mode.

"Half Life 2" by Valve - one other port that can be performed in VR mode.

"Hawken" by Meteor Entertainment and Adhesive Games.

These may not all be available to the general public in Rift-prepared kind, however there are non-VR variations of all however "Eve: Valkyrie" within the wild. "Doom three BFG Edition" was given out with the development kits bought through the Kickstarter marketing campaign, and "Eve: Valkyrie" has been demonstrated with the newer Rift prototypes and is slated to come out sometime in 2014. And there's a spot on the Oculus VR Net site right here for developers to share their video games, mods, demos, simulations and the like. There are more than one hundred titles accessible on the share site already, including "Minecrift," a VR conversion of the favored game "Minecraft" (a paid copy of "Minecraft" is required for it to work); and "VR Cinema," a simulation of a film theater within which you can actually watch movies.

Unfortunately, not simply any 3-D recreation can be performed with the machine just yet. Minecraft online Because of the distinctive properties of the Rift, together with its huge field of vision and head-monitoring skills, games and different purposes should be specifically made to work with the system. The main issues that should be integrated are motion tracking and 3-D rendering along with distortion adjustment to provide the stereoscopic photos (a slightly completely different one for each eye).

As of early 2014, round 50,000 units have been shipped [sources: Edwards, Perton]. With so many within the palms of builders, there are little doubt many video games within the works. However although the Rift was designed primarily with gaming in mind, that doesn't mean that's all it is going to be good for. We might someday don our headsets to observe 360-diploma movies, sit in virtual classrooms, view dwell leisure or sporting events and transfer by means of simulated environments paired with exercise gear for health.

Some greater-finish gamers are already exploring the potentialities of the Rift. The NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) has experimented with an Oculus Rift along side an Xbox Kinect 2 to regulate a robotic arm -- a attainable step toward controlling robots remotely in outer house. The JPL has additionally used a Rift with a Virtuix Omni treadmill and panoramic photos captured by the Curiosity rover to simulate strolling on Mars. A myriad of firms have reportedly already purchased the developer kits for their own purposes, and there's even been discuss of utilizing them for lower-cost army coaching. The potential purposes for a lightweight, inexpensive VR headset are actually infinite. The term "simulator sickness" has been coined to describe the headaches, disorientation and nausea generally introduced on by virtual reality and other simulation strategies. The most important culprit is lag time between the user transferring and the video picture keeping up, which is usually a hardware problem. Nonetheless, the Oculus VR staff has give you a Greatest Practices Guide for software program developers to help prevent these problems, in addition to to create pleasant games that are effectively suited to VR. The document includes recommendation on learn how to greatest handle picture rendering, consumer perspective, degree of stereoscopic 3-D depth, camera movement in relation to head movement, in-game pace and change of movement, placement of user interface and objects, audio, person control, visible design and different technical and design concerns.

The guide suggests a number of baselines for comfort, like a simulated walking speed of 4.5 ft (1.4 meters) per second, a minimal body charge of 60 frames per second (fps), a really perfect latency of 20 milliseconds or less and virtual placement of static objects no nearer than 1.6 toes (50 centimeters) away from the user. There are additionally references in the guide to particular Oculus VR software program options like distortion shaders, predictive monitoring and the Oculus head mannequin that builders can use to enhance gamer comfort with out having to reinvent the wheel. The information additionally advises builders to incorporate optional consumer settings, including the ability to vary velocity, acceleration dimension, subject of view and the impact of collisions, as well as inclusion of a monoscopic show mode that makes the picture the identical for each eyes (which is speculated to lower simulator sickness).

Although it's a danger when running around in any virtual world, partly because of the disconnect between what your thoughts is seeing and what your body is doing, sound design may also help decrease the chance of simulator sickness. The new Crystal Cove prototype's tremendously reduced motion blurring ought to cut back the possibility of movement sickness still additional. There's even some proof which you could simply get used to VR and not get as sick as your experience with it will increase.

The Oculus VR crew claims that viewing through the Rift may be a bit of higher than staring at a standard flat display screen when it comes to eyestrain, since it makes your eyes focus in the gap, which is their pure resting place.

© ROBYN BECK/AFP/Getty Images

Early impressions of the developer model have been largely optimistic. Many individuals think the Rift is incredibly cool, together with one early adopter's 90-year-outdated grandmother [supply: Kooser]. It has been referred to as a sport changer for, well, gaming.

There have been the expected complaints about nausea and dizziness, and some concern about using glasses with the Rift. You possibly can truly use the headset with most eyeglasses, relying upon their measurement and shape. To accommodate glasses, you adjust the space of the lenses to your face by turning two screws on both facet of the headset -- the closer the higher in order that you are getting the utmost area of view. Utilizing it with glasses isn't really useful, however, because of the danger of scratching your eyeglass lenses and the certainty of reducing your field of view. They do advocate swapping out the Rift's lenses to see if any of them will work for you without glasses. The longest set (A) was made for individuals with 20/20 or farsighted imaginative and prescient, the mid-length set (B) was made for folks with reasonable nearsightedness and the shortest set (C) was made for individuals with more severe nearsightedness. The Oculus staff is planning to make the buyer version a little extra eyeglasses-pleasant. Both iterations of the machine obtained Better of CES accolades in 2013 and 2014 respectively.

As of early 2014, you'll be able to buy the developer model straight from the Oculus VR site for $300, however the discharge date and value level for the patron version have yet to be officially introduced. However with so many dev kits and even better prototypes out there, hopefully -- especially with the monetary backing of Facebook -- the wait won't be lengthy for VR enjoyable in our dwelling rooms. It's not like I have not experienced virtual actuality. I've finished my fair share of simulator rides, and tried the headset arcade video games as soon as or twice, however I remember it being costly, extremely low decision, imprecise and not all that immersive.

Because it all the time does, technology has improved by leaps and bounds, graphics have gotten better, and now with the Oculus Rift, it appears like extra pleasurable and believable VR is within our grasp. It is nonetheless not the holodeck, however I am unable to wait to check out the 1080p consumer model at any time when it becomes out there.

And I would just break down and get the developer mannequin in the near future. I am, after all, a developer (though I have never yet delved into game improvement). Or I may just construct stuff in "Minecraft" like I do now in regular 2-D "Minecraft." Constructing random castles, shearing sheep and taming ocelots and wolves could also be much more satisfying in 3-D VR. Though running face first right into a creeper in an immersive actuality might be the stuff of nightmares.

Related Hyperlinks

How Virtual Reality Works

Who invented virtual reality know-how?

Who popularized the term "virtual reality'?

Sources

Antonov, Michael, Nate Mitchell, Andrew Reisse, Lee Cooper, Steve LaValle, and Max Katsev. "Oculus VR - SDK Overview - SDK Version 0.2.5." Oculus VR. Oct. 9, 2013. (Feb. 9, 2014) http://static.oculusvr.com/sdk-downloads/documents/Oculus_SDK_Overview.pdf

Burke, Steve. "The History of Virtual Actuality & the long run: Rift, Omni, Stem, Castar." Gamers Nexus. Oct. 20, 2013. (Feb. 16, 2014) http://www.gamersnexus.web/guides/1208-history-of-digital-actuality-and-future

Butts, Steve. "Heads-On with the Oculus Rift." IGN. Feb. 6, 2014. (Feb. 11, 2014) http://www.ign.com/articles/2014/02/06/heads-on-with-the-oculus-rift

Campbell, Colin. "Oculus CEO will get sick from VR, but says he's found the remedy." Polygon. Oct. 17, 2013. (Feb. 15, 2014) http://www.polygon.com/2013/10/17/4850272/oculus-ceo-will get-sick-from-vr-however-says-hes-discovered-the-remedy

Ceurstemont, Sandrine. "Optical illusions aid you explore a digital world on foot." New Scientist. June 22, 2013, Quantity 218, Problem 2922, Web page 22. (Feb. 17, 2014)

Chacos, Brad. "Eyes-on: Oculus Rift VR headset ramps up the resolution." June 12, 2013. (Feb. 15, 2014) http://www.pcworld.com/article/2041464/eyes-on-oculus-rift-vr-headset-ramps-up-the-decision.html

Chalk, Andy. "John Carmack Turns into Oculus VR CTO - Up to date." Escapist. Aug. 7, 2013. (Feb. 15, 2014) http://www.escapistmagazine.com/news/view/126644-John-Carmack-Becomes-Oculus-VR-CTO-Updated

Davis, Ian. "Oculus Finds A Repair For 'Simulation Sickness.'" Escapist. Oct. 18, 2013. (Feb. 15, 2014) http://www.escapistmagazine.com/news/view/128815-Oculus-Finds-A-Repair-For-Simulation-Sickness

Dingman, Hayden. "EVE: Valkyrie's awe-inspiring VR space combat named Oculus Rift launch unique." Computer World. Feb. 5, 2014. (Feb. 11, 2014) http://www.pcworld.com/article/2094725/eve-valkyries-awe-inspiring-vr-house-fight-named-oculus-rift-launch-unique.html

Dingman, Hayden. "Eyes-on with Oculus Rift's 'Crystal Cove' VR prototype and first launch game." Computer World. Feb. 13, 2014. (Feb. 15, 2014) http://www.pcworld.com/article/2096386/eyes-on-with-oculus-rifts-crystal-cove-vr-prototype-and-first-launch-recreation.html

Edwards, Jim. "Mere Phrases Cannot Do Justice To How Awesome The new Oculus Rift Headset Is - And I do not Even Like Video Games." Business Insider. Jan. 9, 2014. (Feb. 16, 2014) http://www.businessinsider.com/oculus-rift-crystal-cove-2014-1

Eve: Valkyrie. (Feb. 17, 2014) http://evevalkyrie.com/

Firth, Niall. "Jaron Lanier." New Scientist. June 22, 2013, Quantity 218, Difficulty 2922, Web page 21. (Feb. 17, 2014)

Graham, Jefferson. "Palmer Luckey's digital actuality headset turns heads." USA As we speak. Jan. 22, 2014. (Feb. 17, 2014) http://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/columnist/talkingtech/2014/01/22/meet-oculus-rift-founder-palmer-luckey/4740631/

Gray, Scott. "The Neurotechnology Revolution Has Arrived." Futurist. September/October 2013, Quantity 47, Difficulty 5, Pages 6-7. (Feb. 17, 2014)

Griffin, Ben. "The best wearable tech coming in 2014: Google Glass, Oculus rift, extra." Digital Spy. Jan. 22, 2014. (Feb. 17, 2014) http://www.digitalspy.com/tech/information/a545509/the-best-wearable-tech-coming-in-2014-google-glass-oculus-rift-more.html

Heaven, Douglas. "Thoughts-bending video games let you reside your dreams." New Scientist. June 22, 2013, Volume 218, Issue 2922, Web page 20. (Feb. 17, 2014)

Hollister, Sean. "Digital actuality verify: why controllers have not caught as much as the Oculus Rift." Verge. Dec. 23, 2013. (Feb. 11, 2014) http://www.theverge.com/2013/12/23/5238118/virtual-actuality-examine-oculus-rift-hardware-ecosystem

iFixit. "Oculus Rift Teardown." (Feb. 15, 2014) http://www.ifixit.com/Teardown/Oculus+Rift+Teardown/13682

Insinna, Valerie. "Companies Offer Cheaper Simulation Instruments to Military." Nationwide Protection. Feb. 2013, Volume 97, Situation 711, Web page 12. (Feb. 17, 2014)

Katz, Leslie. "Oculus VR co-founder, 33, killed by dashing automotive." CNET. June 1, 2013. (Feb. 16, 2014) http://information.cnet.com/8301-10797_3-57587189-235/oculus-vr-co-founder-33-killed-by-dashing-automobile/

Kickstarter. "Oculus Rift: Step Into the sport." (Feb. 11, 2014) https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/1523379957/oculus-rift-step-into-the-game

Kolasinski, Eugenia M. "Technical Report 1027 - Simulator Sickness in Virtual Environments." U.S. Military Research Institute. May 1995. (Feb. 15, 2014) http://www.dtic.mil/get-tr-doc/pdf?Advert=ADA295861

Kooser, Amanda. "90-12 months-outdated grandma rocks an Oculus Rift VR headset." CNET. April 16, 2013. (Feb. 16, 2014) http://information.cnet.com/8301-17938_105-57579846-1/90-year-old-grandma-rocks-an-oculus-rift-vr-headset/

Lee, Nicole. "NASA JPL takes a VR tour of Mars with Oculus Rift and Virtuix Omni (video)." Engadget. Aug. 5, 2013. (Feb. 17, 2014) http://www.engadget.com/2013/08/05/nasa-jpl-oculus-rift-virtuix-omni/

Lee, Nicole. "NASA's JPL maneuvers a robot arm with Oculus Rift and Kinect 2, points to extra immersive area missions." Engadget. Dec. 23, 2013. (Feb. 16, 2014) http://www.engadget.com/2013/12/23/nasa-jpl-management-robotic-arm-kinect-2/

MacManus, Christopher. "Players go ga-ga over Oculus Rift virtual-actuality headset." CNET. Aug. 3, 2012. (Feb. 16, 2014) http://news.cnet.com/8301-17938_105-57486608-1/avid gamers-go-ga-ga-over-oculus-rift-digital-actuality-headset/

Martin, Tim. "The Oculus Rift: virtual actuality is no longer a joke." Telegraph. Dec. 28, 2013. (Feb. 11, 2014) http://www.telegraph.co.uk/know-how/10540341/The-Oculus-Rift-virtual-reality-is-no-longer-a-joke.html

McFerran, Damien. "Actuality Crumbles: Whatever Happened to VR?" Eurogamer. April 12, 2012. (Feb. 17, 2014) http://www.eurogamer.web/articles/2012-04-12-actuality-crumbles-whatever-occurred-to-vr

MTBS3D.com. "Oculus 'Rift': An open-source HMD for Kickstarter." Discussion board posts. April 15-20, 2012. (Feb. 17, 2014) http://www.mtbs3d.com/phpBB/viewtopic.php?f=140&t=14777

Nemati, Cyrus. "Virtual Reality Is Prepared for Prime Time." Slate. Dec. 20, 2013. (Feb. 11, 2014) http://www.slate.com/articles/expertise/future_tense/2013/12/oculus_rift_review_the_digital_actuality_headset_will_change_everything.html

New Scientist. "Kickstarting a digital revolution." June 22, 2013, Volume 218, Subject 2922, Web page 3. (Feb. 17, 2014)

New Scientist. "Simulated Spaces." June 22, 2013, Volume 218, Problem 2922, Web page 21. (Feb. 17, 2014)

Oculus VR. "About Oculus VR." (Feb. 16, 2014) http://www.oculusvr.com/company/

Oculus VR. "EVE: Valkyrie, Open Supply Hardware, and the best Practices Guide." Feb. 5, 2014. (Feb. 11, 2014) http://www.oculusvr.com/weblog/eve-valkyrie-open-supply-hardware-and-the-greatest-practices-information/

Oculus VR. "Expanding the Staff, Meet us at Gamescom, Unite, PAX." Aug. 16, 2012. (Feb. 16, 2014) http://www.oculusvr.com/weblog/expanding-the-workforce-meet-us-at-gamescom-unite-pax/

Oculus VR. "Data Base - FAQs." (Feb. 12, 2014) https://help.oculusvr.com/forums

Oculus VR. "Meet the Team." (Feb. 16, 2014) http://www.oculusvr.com/company/folks/

Oculus VR. "Oculus-Prepared Games." (Feb. 12, 2014) http://www.oculusvr.com/blog/class/basic/oculus-ready-games/

Oculus VR. "Oculus Rift." minecraft servers (Feb. 9, 2014) http://www.oculusvr.com/rift/

Oculus VR. "Oculus Rift Improvement Kit Model 1.1." (Feb. 9, 2014) http://static.oculusvr.com/sdk-downloads/documents/Oculus_Rift_Development_Package_Instruction_Handbook.pdf

Oculus VR. "SDK Software License." (Feb. 15, 2014) https://developer.oculusvr.com/license

Oculus VR. "Share." (Feb. 11, 2014) https://share.oculusvr.com/

Oculus VR. "Delivery Update, Alternative Rewards, VR Meet Ups, and Half Life 2 in VR!" Could 17, 2013. (Feb. 12, 2014) http://www.oculusvr.com/weblog/transport-replace-replacement-rewards-vr-meet-ups-and-half-life-2-in-vr/

Oculus VR. "Team Fortress 2 in the Oculus Rift." March 18, 2013. (Feb. 12, 2014) http://www.oculusvr.com/weblog/staff-fortress-2-in-the-oculus-rift/

Oculus VR. "Replace on Developer Package Know-how, Delivery Particulars." Nov. 28, 2012. (Feb. 16, 2014) http://www.oculusvr.com/blog/replace-on-developer-package-know-how-shipping-details/

OLED-Display. "AMOLED." (Feb. 17, 2014) http://news.oled-show.internet/amoled/

Laptop World. "Oculus Rift headset: Alternately thrilling and nauseating." Nov. 6, 2013. (Feb. 15, 2014) http://www.pcworld.com/video/29402/oculus-rift-headset-alternately-thrilling-and-nauseating.html

Perton, Marc. "The Oculus Rift 'Crystal Cove' prototype is 2014's Better of CES winner." Engadget. Jan. 9, 2014. (Feb. 17, 2014) http://www.engadget.com/2014/01/09/the-oculus-rift-crystal-cove-prototype-is-2014s-finest-of-c/

Purchese, Robert. "Completely happy Go Luckey: Meet the 20-12 months-previous Creator of Oculus rift." Eurogamer. July 11, 2013. (Feb. 17, 2014) http://www.eurogamer.internet/articles/2013-07-11-happy-go-luckey-meet-the-20-12 months-outdated-creator-of-oculus-rift

Purchese, Robert. "Oculus co-founder killed as innocent bystander throughout police car chase." Eurogamer. June 3, 2013. (Feb. 17, 2014) http://www.eurogamer.internet/articles/2013-06-03-oculus-co-founder-killed-as-innocent-bystander-throughout-police-automotive-chase

Ries, Brian. "Recreation On." Newsweek World. April 26, 2013, Volume 161, Issue 16. (Feb. 17, 2014)

Robertson, Adi. "All Jacked In and Nothing to Play: Chasing the right VR Game." Verge. Dec. 23, 2013. (Feb. 11, 2014) http://www.theverge.com/2013/12/23/5237452/chasing-the-excellent-oculus-rift-vr-game

Rosenberg, Adam. "Eve: Valkyrie Will probably be an Oculus Rift Unique." Digital Traits. Feb. 6, 2014. (Feb. 11, 2014) http://www.digitaltrends.com/gaming/eve-valkyrie-will-oculus-rift-exclusive/

Rougeau, Michael, and Matt Hawkins. "Hands on: Oculus Rift assessment." Techradar. Jan. 8, 2014. (Feb. 11, 2014) http://www.techradar.com/critiques/gaming/gaming-accessories/oculus-rift-crystal-cove-1123963/review

Senior, Tom. "State of Play 2013: The return of virtual reality." Edge. Dec. 19, 2013. (Feb. 11, 2014) http://www.edge-online.com/options/state-of-play-2013-the-return-of-digital-reality/

Takahashi, Dean. "Oculus VR's Brendan Iribe on the latest digital actuality prototype (interview)." VentureBeat. Jan. 14, 2014. (Feb. 15, 2014) http://venturebeat.com/2014/01/14/oculus-vrs-brendan-iribe-on-the-digital-actuality-prototype-interview/

Velazco, Chris. "Oculus VR Raises $seventy five Million To assist Deliver Digital Reality Goggles To The Plenty." Techcrunch. Dec. 12, 2013. (Feb. 16, 2014) http://techcrunch.com/2013/12/12/oculus-vr-raises-75-million-to-assist-deliver-virtual-actuality-goggles-to-the-lots/

Warr, Philippa. "EVE Valkyrie: Turning CCP's gaming Pinocchio into an actual boy." Wired. Dec. 24, 2013. (Feb. 11, 2014) http://www.wired.co.uk/information/archive/2013-12/24/eve-valkyrie

Welsh, Oli. "John Carmack and the Digital Reality Dream." Eurogamer. June 7, 2012. (Feb. 17, 2014) http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2012-06-07-john-carmack-and-the-digital-actuality-dream

Yao, Richard, Tom Heath, Aaron Davies, Tom Forsyth, Nate Mitchell, and Perry Hoberman. "Oculus VR Finest Practices Information - v0.007." boasted Oculus VR. Jan. 16, 2014. (Feb. 9, 2014) http://static.oculusvr.com/sdk-downloads/documents/OculusBestPractices.pdf